Inspect individual beetles. Follow survival, inheritance, and population change.
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Asexual population of 60 beetles, initially 20 of each color. Each generation includes predation, then offspring sampled from survivors; each offspring inherits one parent’s color. Moderate pressure: matching color survives with probability 0.85, others 0.45. High: 0.65 and 0.15. No predators: all survive. These are illustrative rules, not measured rates. Reproduction restores 60 offspring if any survive. Random sampling can change frequencies even without predators. No mutation or migration; lost colors cannot return. Individual beetles never change inherited color.
Science background · OpenStax Biology 2e
Record snapshots and use the evidence notebook to explain your results.